Volume 52, Number 12 · July 14, 2005
The Long Trek to Freedom
By George M. Fredrickson
Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial That Led to the End of Human Slavery
by Steven M. Wise
Merloyd Lawrence/Da Capo, 282 pp., $25.00
Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South
by Adam Rothman
Harvard University Press, 296 pp., $35.00
The First Emancipator: The Forgotten Story of Robert Carter, the Founding Father Who Freed His Slaves
by Andrew Levy
Random House, 310 pp., $25.95
Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America
by Fergus M. Bordewich
Amistad, 540 pp., $27.95
Before the middle of the eighteenth century, slavery was generally accepted in Europe and its colonies as a divinely ordained punishment for original sin or simply as a natural part of the eternal order of things. Yet by then Europeans had stopped enslaving one another for centuries; slavery was a condition mainly imposed on blacks brought from Africa to the New World in order to produce tropical staples for European consumption. England and France in particular had an enormous stake in the slave trade and the plantation system, which were primary sources of prosperity and commercial development for both countries. But very few black slaves were to be found in either England or France, and it was an open question whether slavery could still be enforced in either country.[1] Restricting slavery to particular races and regions opened it to criticism because it deviated from norms in European countries; but, paradoxically, it also meant that those who had little direct contact with slavery could easily put it out of their minds.
Review, 4158 words
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