Princeton University Press, 448 pp., $24.95 (paper)
In Mark Twain's still underappreciated novel Pudd'nhead Wilson, Roxy, a recently freed Missouri slave who acts and speaks like a black even though 'only one-sixteenth of her was black,' shocks her arrogant grown son Tom Driscoll by informing him for the first time that she is his true mother: 'Yassir, en dat ain't all! You is a nigger!—bawn a nigger en a slave!—en you's a nigger en a slave dis minute.' Tom had been raised as a privileged white and had even spent two years at Yale. Later, in bed, Tom groans and mutters, 'A nigger!—I am a nigger!—oh, I wish I was dead!' As he struggles to confront this new identity, Tom 'said to himself that the curse of Ham was upon him.'
Review, 4566 words
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