In 1857 Charles Baudelaire dedicated his collection of poems, Les Fleurs du Mal, to his 'friend and master' Théophile Gautier. Following a trial for obscenity (guilty on six counts), The Flowers of Evil rightly became the most famous book of erotic poetry published in nineteenth-century France, and the wording of Baudelaire's dedication to Gautier became equally celebrated: 'Au poète impeccable, au parfait magicien ès lettres françaises' ('To the irreproachable poet, perfect magician of French literature').
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