To stand, in early May, atop the Gate of Heavenly Peace, which guards the entrance to the Forbidden City, and look across the vast crowd of people jammed into Tiananmen Square was to have a historically new sense of what Mao called 'the broad masses.' It was to this ancient gate that Mao himself came on October 1, 1949, almost forty years before, to greet the adoring 'broad masses' upon the defeat of the Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek and the founding of 'new China.' Just the day before, in a declaration for the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, he had proclaimed that
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