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Hardy at one time seemed the very spirit of subversion and pessimism, the author whose last novel, Jude the Obscure, was burned by a bishop—in despair 'presumably'—as Hardy observed—'at not being able to burn me.' As late as 1905, when he went to receive an honorary degree at Aberdeen University, he was forcibly attacked in the Scottish press. To his friend Sir George Douglas be wrote that Swinburne had shown him a cutting which stated: 'Swinburne planted, & Hardy watered, & Satan giveth the increase.' A year later he wrote to Millicent Fawcett, the women's suffrage leader, stating his principles in terms that still sound an echo today.
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