Volume 50, Number 4 · March 13, 2003

Art Under Siege

By Robert L. Herbert
Defeated Flesh: Medicine, Welfare, and Warfare in the Making of Modern France
by Bertrand Taithe

Rowman and Littlefield, 292 pp., $77.00; $27.95 (paper)

Art, War and Revolution in France, 1870–1871: Myth, Reportage and Reality
by John Milner

Yale University Press, 243 pp., $55.00

Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870–71)
by Hollis Clayson

University of Chicago Press, 485 pp., $55.00

At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant sent William I of Prussia a message which the French, on seeing a copy, interpreted as expressing a position of benevolent neutrality. In December, after the ignominious collapse of the French armies, Victor Hugo bitterly accused Grant of helping the Prussians triumph over the very ideals that had once united France and the United States:



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