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Even the phrase 'welfare state' makes most Americans uneasy. For conservatives and neoconservatives, it smacks of socialism or, worse, European influences. For many, welfare has become synonymous with public assistance and other programs thought to foster indolence. Hence George Gilder's adage, 'the poor most of all need the spur of their own poverty.' If many liberals and those further to the left support the welfare idea, they are unsure about its scope and proper clientele. Still, more than a few will agree with Michael Walzer that a welfare state 'expresses a certain civil spirit, a sense of mutuality, a commitment to justice.' Even so, the question is still raised whether programs will be largely for the poor, or if other classes should get services that are free or subsidized.
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