Volume 49, Number 12 · July 18, 2002

The Terrible Cost of Reconciliation

By David Brion Davis
Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War
by R.J.M. Blackett

Louisiana State University Press, 273 pp., $49.95; $24.95 (paper)

Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory
by David W. Blight

Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 512 pp., $29.95; $16.95 (paper)

Americans could never have won their national independence in 1783 without the naval and military aid of France. Similarly, the Union could not have been preserved in the Civil War if England and France had carried out a tempting and much-debated proposal to recognize the Confederacy and impose a truce that would break the Union's naval blockade of the South. France's Emperor Napoleon III strongly favored such joint action with Britain, and both Lord John Russell, England's foreign minister, and William E. Gladstone, chancellor of the exchequer, advocated recognition of the Confederacy, which, as Gladstone asserted in October 1862, had by a series of military triumphs already 'made a nation.'[1]



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